Sunday 27 October 2013

Nosy Be, Madagascar

This was my fourth trip to Madagascar, but I had never yet been to Nosy Be, a 312 km2 island located 8km off the north-west coast in the Mozambique Channel, and generally considered to be Madagascar's major tourist destination.


Nosy Be means 'big island' in Malagasy, and several smaller islands are located nearby including Nosy Komba, Nosy Mitsio, Nosy Sakatia, and Nosy Tanikely.

outrigger boat with patched sail

The first inhabitants of Nosy Be - known at the time as Assada - are believed to have been 15th century Indian and Swahili traders. Refugees, merchants and settlers followed, including British colonel Robert Hunt who in 1649 tried and failed (due to disease and hostile natives) to set up an English colony. King Radama I's wars of conquest led to the Sakalava Boina monarchs seeking refuge on Nosy Be after Queen Tsiomeko's army was defeated. She sought help from the French, and Nosy Be was formally annexed by France in 1841.

outrigger boat

As a scuba diver my interest in going there was to dive, as it's considered Madagascar's main diving destination (there are 17 dive clubs located in and around Nosy Be). I've written a separate blog post about diving at Nosy Be.


We chose to stay in a hotel at Madirokely beach, close enough to walk to the main tourist area of Amabatoloaka but not so close that we had any of its inconvenience. 

looking along Madirokely beach to Ambatoloaka beach

Our dive club was conveniently located just 10 metres behind the hotel, which was very practical.

Malagasy women walking along Madirokely beach

Most of our days were spent diving, and on the first outing we went diving at the Marine Reserve of Nosy Tanikely National Park, an island south of Nosy Be.


In between two dives we had 50 minutes to explore the tiny island, which is home to some wildlife and a 10-metre high disused lighthouse.

skink lizard, Nosy Tanikely

The lighthouse, which dates from 1908, was still inhabited by a keeper and his family as recently as the 1990s.

disused lighthouse, Nosy Tanikely

From the top of the island (only 47 metres high!) you can see Nosy Komba, another island 10 km to the east. Nosy Komba rises to 622 metres - higher than Nosy Be itself.

Nosy Komba
looking down at the beach, Nosy Tanikely

Although Nosy Be is Madagascar's premier beach destination, it's still fairly low-key, and on Sunday mornings you can see locals bringing zebu for their weekly wash in the sea.

weekly zebu wash

On a day off from diving we took a trip around the island. 

local village near the sea

Our first stop was at an enormous sacred baobab tree where people come to pray to the spirits and give offerings.

offerings, sacred baobab tree.
offerings, sacred baobab tree.

The tree is also home to some black lemurs.

male black lemur
male black lemur

Female black lemurs are actually a reddy-brown colour.

female black lemur.

Our next stop was Nosy Be's main town of Hellville. The name has nothing to do with the state of the place; like Reunion Island's Hellbourg, Hellville takes its name from Chrétien Louis de Hell, a 19th century admiral and governor of Reunion Island who annexed Nosy Be in 1841.

Hellville's old municipal theatre, now the Alliance Française


The official Malagasy name of the town is Andoany.

Hellville market

inside Hellville market

crabs for sale, Hellville market

tuk-tuk, Hellville centre

Like Mayotte and the Comoros Islands Nosy Be is known as the "perfumed isle" due to its cultivation of ylang-ylang, a tree whose scented flowers are much used in perfumery.

part of the ylang-ylang plantation

We made a stop at a ylang-ylang distillery where we saw how essential oil is produced from the flowers. It takes 25 kg of flowers to produce just one litre of oil.

explaining the steam distillation process

We have a ylang-ylang tree in our garden, so it's a tree I know well, but it's always interesting to see the distillation process.

some yang-ylang flowers
some yang-ylang flowers

the distillery workers

After lunch and a few hours spent at one of Nosy Be's few all-inclusive resorts (the only such resorts in the whole of Madagascar), we headed to Mont Passot, which at 315 m is the island's highest point.

Nosy Tanga island and Djamandjary, Nosy Be's second town

From Mont Passot there are great views of some nearby crater lakes and out to sea.

day's end, crater lakes

After more diving our final day was spent visiting the Lokobe Nature Reserve, which protects most of Nosy Be's remaining endemic vegetation and wildlife.

Ambatozavavy village
Ambatozavavy village

The visit starts with you paddling your outrigger canoe between the villages of Ambatozavavy and Ampasipohy, the latter being the starting point for nature reserve walks. 

Madagascar ground boa (Boa madagascariensis)

Only found in Madagascar, Brookesia is a genus of chameleons that range from small to very small in size, and which are also known as 'leaf chameleons'. It includes the species considered to be the world's smallest chameleon, the Brookesia micra.

a Brookesia chameleon, only a few centimetres long 

Species of lemur at the reserve include the black lemur (which we saw at the sacred baobab; see photos above), the Gray-backed sportive lemur and some mouse lemurs.






The reserve is home to 17 species of endemic bird.

unidentified bird 

The Brown mantella (Mantella betsileo) is a frog of the Mantellidae family, endemic to Madagascar, and is known locally as Tsirevo.

Brown Mantella frog

a praying mantis

Uroplatus is a genus of geckos commonly referred to as Flat or Leaf-tailed Geckos, endemic to Madagascar .
 
Uroplatus gecko

close-up of Uroplatus gecko head

cicada

green day gecko

Lokobe also has its own kind of Panther chameleon (a chameleon which is also found on Reunion).




Overall I have mixed feelings about our visit to this reserve. Seeing the wildlife was very interesting, some of which I'd never seen before although I've been to Madagascar several times. However I was surprised to see nocturnal lemurs and lizards during the day - I don't know how good it is for their organisms to be disturbed in this way. The guides seem to use a system of spotters who tell them where such and such an animal can be found, so there's nothing very serendipitous about what you see - the guide knows in advance more or less what you'll see where.

sunset from Manirokely beach


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Friday 4 October 2013

Reunion on BBC Radio 4

BBC Radio 4's From Our Own Correspondent programme is billed as "Insight, wit and analysis from BBC correspondents, journalists and writers from around the world". First commissioned in 1955, it takes the format of a half-hour programme in which five correspondents each broadcast 5-minute monologues on topical current events from countries outside the UK. No music or interviews are included, and it gives the correspondents the chance to offer a personal account of events that can be epoch-making or inconsequential. 

It's a programme I've enjoyed listening to for the past few years, either live, or more often as a podcast, and I was pleased to learn there would be a report from Reunion in the programme broadcast on October 3rd 2013. 

You can listen to the programme here; the part about Reunion was made by journalist Robin Denselow and starts at 11'38". There's a year left to listen.

Although broadcast in October it was obviously made in early June when Denselow visited the annual Sakifo music festival. In it he talks about maloya music - how it was banned until 1981, and what it represents now. Unfortunately the impression given by the report is of a strict local vs mainland French division of wealth, which was probably true in the 1970s, but is no longer the case (division of wealth still exists, but not along local vs mainland lines). Denselow does however correctly remark on the rising popularity of maloya on the global world music scene.

Maloya has its origins in the music of slaves and along with sega, is one of Reunion's two major music genres. It has mainly African origins, but possible influence from Tamil drumming has been identified, making it a hybrid genre - not very surprising on the melting pot of Reunion. Maloya is slower and more reflective than sega, and like blues music has a chant-response structure. Song themes are often carry a political and social protest message (e.g. slavery, poverty, search for cultural identity, independence, links to the Communist Party of Reunion) which explains why maloya was banned for being too subversive until 1981. Traditional instruments used include the kayamb, a type of flat rattle made of sugar cane flower stems and filled with seeds which is shaken horizontally, and the roulér which is a cylindrical hide-covered drum.

Danyle Waro with a kayamb (source)

Some of the most well-known maloya musicians are Firmin Viry, (credited with having stopped maloya from becoming extinct), Danyel Waro, Gramoun Lélé, Nathalie Nathiembe and Christine Salem. Groups such as Ziskakan, Baster, Granmoun Baba, Rwa Kaff and Ti Fock have also mixed maloya with other genres such as sega, zouk, reggae, jazz and rock.

Here's the Firmin Viry performance at Sakifo 2013 that Denselow refers to in his report:


Maloya was inscribed in 2009 on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity of UNESCO for France. The video below about maloya was uploaded by UNESCO onto Youtube following this inscription.




Further reading:





North Korea: to visit or not to visit?

From an ethical point of view should you visit North Korea? What do you reply to anyone who says the money you paid for the trip has been spent on the North's missile and nuclear weapons programmes, and that tourists are helping to prop up the regime with their cash and visits that legitimise the administration? 
This was the subject of an article published on Deutsche Welle's website in which I'm quoted. I'll leave you to read the article here.


You can read the account of my 2010 trip to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea here.

What do you think about visiting? Let me know in the comments below.


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